Percona XtraBackup下载地址
https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/
Percona XtraBackup提供了xtrabackup和innobackupex两个工具
1，xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表，而不能备份MyISAM数据表
2，innobackupex是参考了InnoDB Hotbackup的innoback脚本修改而来的.innobackupex是一个perl脚本封装，封装了xtrabackup。主要是为了方便的 同时备份InnoDB和MyISAM引擎的表，但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁。并且加入了一些使用的选项。如slave-info可以记录备份恢 复后，作为slave需要的一些信息，根据这些信息，可以很方便的利用备份来重做slave。
全数据库备份：
[root@ms01 /backup ] # innobackupex --user=aolens --password=*** /backup/ Error: option 'datadir' has different values: '.' in defaults file '/usr/local/mysql/data/' in SHOW VARIABLES 报错datadir默认是当前路径，show variables是/usr/local/mysql/data
查看数据库datadir的值：show global variables like '%datadir%'；
查看配置文件发现配置文件里没有datadir参数的定义，为配置文件添加上datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@ms01 ~] # innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=aolens --password=aolens /backup/ 160113 11:08:55 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully. At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex prints "completed OK!" . 160113 11:08:55 version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;port=3306;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock' as 'aolens' (using password: YES). 160113 11:08:55 version_check Connected to MySQL server 160113 11:08:55 version_check Executing a version check against the server... 160113 11:08:55 version_check Done. 160113 11:08:55 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: aolens, password: set , port: 3306, socket: /tmp/mysql .sock Using server version 5.5.29-log innobackupex version 2.3.2 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id : 306a2e0) xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise(). xtrabackup: cd to /usr/local/mysql/data xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024 xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration: xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./ xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./ xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 160113 11:08:55 >> log scanned up to (23706694302) xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces 160113 11:08:55 [01] Copying . /ibdata1 to /backup//2016-01-13_11-08-55/ibdata1 160113 11:08:56 >> log scanned up to (23706694560) 160113 11:08:56 [01] ... done 160113 11:08:57 >> log scanned up to (23706694560) Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES... 160113 11:08:57 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK... 160113 11:08:57 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files ... 160113 11:09:13 [00] ... done 160113 11:09:13 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS... xtrabackup: The latest check point ( for incremental): '23706694560' xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread. .160113 11:09:13 >> log scanned up to (23706694560) 160113 11:09:13 Executing UNLOCK TABLES 160113 11:09:13 All tables unlocked 160113 11:09:13 Backup created in directory '/backup//2016-01-13_11-08-55' MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000032' , position '286360161' 160113 11:09:13 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf 160113 11:09:13 [00] ... done 160113 11:09:13 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info 160113 11:09:13 [00] ... done xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (23706693241) to (23706694560) was copied. 160113 11:09:13 completed OK! 备份成功
所以在使用xtrabackup时一定要注意，在配置文件里写上datadir的路径，不然数据还原也会出错。
单库备份
[root@ms01 /backup ] # innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=aolens --password=*** --database=recon /backup/ 数据还原
提交未提交的数据
innobackupex --apply-log /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/
innobackup不支持离线备份，但是恢复无需启动MySQL。
删除数据目录下的一个库目录。执行恢复。
[root@node2 data] # innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/ innobackupex: Error: Original data directory '/mydata/data' is not empty! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 2163. #报错数据目录不为空！ [root@node2 data] # rm -rf * #删除数据目录下的所有文件。 [root@node2 data] # innobackupex --copy-back /backup/2016-01-13_11-08-55/ innobackupex: Finished copying back files. 140909 02:58:36 innobackupex: completed OK! 修改恢复回来的数据的权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
启动mysql即可
http://www.aolens.cn/?p=862